Section 1.2: Networking Standards and Reference Models

Learning Objectives

After completing this section, you should be able to

• recognize standard organizations’ responsibility for network-related standards;
• explain what standards are for;
• describe important networking reference models.

Tasks

• Study Chapter 2 of the TD textbook to find answers to the study questions.
• Go over the review questions.
• Complete hands-on Project 2-1.

Study Questions

1. What are network standards?
2. What organizations are responsible for setting standards for computer networks?
3. What are ANSI, EIA/TIA, IEEE, ISO, ITU, ISOC, and IANA/ICANN?
4. Why does the computer network industry need computer networking standards?
5. What is the OSI reference model for computer networks?
6. How many layers does the OSI reference model have?
7. Who can be called a network architect?
8. What is the Physical layer of the OSI reference model?
9. What is inside the Physical layer? What does it do?
10. What is a frame?
11. What is the Network layer of the OSI reference model?
12. What is inside the Network layer? What does it do?
13. What do routers do?
14. What is segmentation?
15. What is reassembly in the Network layer?
16. What is the Transport layer of the OSI reference model?
17. What is inside the Transport layer? What does it do?
18. What is flow-control handled by protocols at the Transport layer?
19. What is sequencing in the Transport layer?
20. What is an acknowledgement sent by the Transport layer?
21. What is the Session layer of the OSI reference model?
22. What is inside the Session layer? What does it do?
23. What is a session in a Session layer?
24. What is a terminal?
25. What is the Presentation layer of the OSI reference model?
26. What is inside the Presentation layer? What does it do?
27. What is the Application layer of the OSI reference model?
28. What is inside the Application layer? What does it do?
29. What does an application program interface do?
30. What is the frame check sequence (FCS), and what does it do?
31. How does a piece of information pass from one computer to another in a network according to the OSI reference model?
32. What components does a typical Ethernet frame include, and how are they organized?
33. What components does a typical token ring frame include, and how are they organized?
34. How are network nodes addressed at the Data Link layer?
35. How are network nodes addressed at the Network layer?
36. What is MAC address?
37. What is block ID in a MAC address?
38. What is device ID in a MAC address?
39. What IEEE 802 standards are for computer networking?
40. According to IEEE standards, what sublayers does the Data Link layer include?